The nurse is discussing dietary preferences with a client who adheres to a vegan diet. Which nutrient should be highlighted to prevent deficiency?

• A. Vitamin C
• B. Vitamin A
• C. Vitamin B12
• D. Vitamin D

Answer: (C)

A vegan diet can leave a person at risk for vitamin B12 deficiency because this vitamin is not reliably available in plant foods. B12 is essential for forming red blood cells and maintaining nerve function, and most of what is naturally found in the diet comes from animal products. Since vegans don’t eat those sources, they should rely on fortified foods or a supplement to prevent deficiency. Without adequate B12, someone can develop anemia and neurological issues. Other vitamins like C can be plentiful in fruits and vegetables, A can come from plant carotenoids, and D can be obtained through sun exposure or fortified foods, but B12 is the one most specifically at risk in vegan diets and requires intentional intake.